Wednesday, June 26, 2013

Resourceful microbes reign in world's oceans

June 24, 2013 ? A research team led by Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences has discovered that marine microbes are adapted to very narrow and specialized niches in their environment. This may explain why so few of these microbes -- usually less than 1% -- can be grown for study in the laboratory. By utilizing new genetic tools, the researchers' new ability to read and interpret genetic information from the remaining 99% will be pivotal in detecting and mitigating the impact of human activities in the ocean.?

The cutting-edge technology that proved critical to the research, and was implemented on a large scale for the first time, is called single cell genomics.

"While other tools are available to analyze genes in uncultured microbes, they seldom tell us how these genes fit together and what microbes they come from," said Ramunas Stepanauskas, the study's senior author and director of the Bigelow Single Cell Genomics Center (SCGC). "By developing and applying high-throughput single cell genomics, we obtained the first near-complete genomic blueprints of many microbial types that dominate marine ecosystems but used to be inaccessible to scientific investigation."

"We found that natural bacterioplankton are devoid of 'genomic pork,' such as gene duplications and noncoding nucleotides, and utilize more diverse energy sources than previously thought. This research approach opens a new chapter in the exploration of microbial life in the oceans and in other environments on our planet."

"We found that genomic streamlining is the rule rather than exception among marine bacterioplankton, an important biological feature that is poorly represented in existing microbial cultures," said Brandon Swan, lead author and postdoctoral researcher in the SCGC. "We also found that marine microbes are effectively dispersed around the globe, but they stay within their temperature 'comfort zones.' Bacteria that thrive in the frigid Gulf of Maine don't show up near Hawaii. However, as long as the temperature is right, the same types are found anywhere in the world, whether on the coast of British Columbia, Northern Europe, or Tasmania."

"Thanks to single cell genomics and other technological advances, we now have a much more accurate understanding of the biological diversity and processes taking place in the ocean," said Tanja Woyke, a key co-author from the Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute. "The amount of adaptations and biochemical innovation that have accumulated in marine microorganisms over billions of years of evolution is astounding -- a glass of seawater encodes more genetic information than a desktop computer can hold. This information represents a largely untapped source of novel natural products and bioenergy solutions, both essential for human well-being."

Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences is an independent, non-profit center for global ocean research, ocean science education, and technology transfer. The Laboratory conducts research ranging from microbial oceanography -- examining the biology in the world's oceans at the molecular level -- to the large-scale processes that drive ocean ecosystems and global environmental conditions.

Funded by the National Science Foundation, the study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences this week.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_environment/~3/_e2WJblCVoM/130624173244.htm

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19 take part in Tube to Work Day on Boulder Creek

Joel Haertling prepares for his commute to his job at the Boulder Public Library on Tube to Work Day on Tuesday, June 25, 2013 in Boulder, Colo. (AP Photo/The Daily Camera, Paul Aiken)

Joel Haertling prepares for his commute to his job at the Boulder Public Library on Tube to Work Day on Tuesday, June 25, 2013 in Boulder, Colo. (AP Photo/The Daily Camera, Paul Aiken)

At right Quayle Hodek and Jeff Kagan laugh together after some tubing commuters lost their tubes after a rapid on Tube to Work Day on Tuesday June 25, 2013 in Boulder, Colo. (AP Photo/The Daily Camera, Paul Aiken)

(AP) ? A day before Colorado marks Bike to Work Day, some commuters in Boulder got their feet wet heading to work by inner tube.

The Daily Camera reports (http://bit.ly/15CFpS3) 19 people went tubing down Boulder Creek for Tube to Work Day on Tuesday. Many had on business clothes.

There were eight participants last year. The idea got started with two guys tubing down the creek in suits in 2008.

This year, the city of Boulder set up a breakfast station for participants.

Bike to Work Day organizers in the Denver area also are setting up stations Wednesday where commuters who give up their cars for a day to cycle to work can grab a free breakfast.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/aa9398e6757a46fa93ed5dea7bd3729e/Article_2013-06-25-Tube%20To%20Work/id-2bb9c7376ea94f969ed80c28d6444144

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10 Things to Know for Wednesday

Your daily look at late-breaking news, upcoming events and the stories that will be talked about Wednesday:

1. 'NYET' ON TURNING OVER SNOWDEN

Putin gives the first official acknowledgment of the whereabouts of NSA leaker Edward Snowden ? and promptly rejects U.S. pleas to turn him over.

2. SUPREME COURT CURBS 1965 VOTING RIGHTS ACT

Southern states cheer and the White House jeers as a divided court tosses a key provision of the landmark legislation.

3. HOW THE ARMY IS SCALING BACK

As the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan end, military leaders say at least 12 combat brigades will be eliminated as the service moves to cut 80,000 troops.

4. WITNESS TO A TALIBAN ATTACK

AP journalist Rahim Faiez describes how a quiet spot outside the presidential palace in Kabul became, in a flash, a combat zone.

5. RULES MADE IT ROUGH FOR LAWMAKER

A state senator filibustering new abortion restrictions in Texas had to remain standing for hours and was prohibited from leaning on her desk or taking breaks.

6. CROWDS SOUND A SOUR NOTE AT HOMECOMING

Thousands of Palestinians wait in scorching heat for their new symbol of unity, "Arab Idol" winner Mohammed Assaf ? but the flags they wave show divisions persist.

7. WHO'S RUSHING TO HELP GEORGE ZIMMER

Shoppers could determine what happens next in the battle between Men's Wearhouse and the ousted pitchman, as they take to social media to threaten boycotts.

8. MILLION DIDN'T MAKE IT

The FBI is investigating the disappearance of $1.2 million from bank cash shipped from Switzerland to New York City.

9. WHERE PAULA DEEN STUMBLED IN HANDLING HER PREDICAMENT

"One of the first rules of crisis is to apologize thoroughly and completely and immediately," one PR expert says. "She didn't follow Crisis 101."

10. PHOTOGRAPHING YOUR FAVORITE SUBJECT: YOU

If you're not taking "selfies," there's a good chance you're enjoying others' raunchy, goofy, poignant, sexy or drunken self-portraits.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/10-things-know-wednesday-103500895.html

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The Fugue Playing Behind Obama?s Climate Speech ? Or Swampland in Florida? (Balloon Juice)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories Stories, RSS Feeds and Widgets via Feedzilla.

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Monday, June 24, 2013

Boost for cars or bust? Ethanol debate heats up

(AP) ? It's a dilemma for drivers: Do they choose a gasoline that's cheaper and cleaner even if, as opponents say, it could damage older cars and motorcycles?

That's the peril and promise of a high-ethanol blend of gasoline known as E15. The fuel contains 15 percent ethanol, well above the current 10 percent norm sold at most U.S. gas stations.

The higher ethanol blend is currently sold in just fewer than two dozen stations in the Midwest, but could spread to other regions as the Obama administration considers whether to require more ethanol in gasoline.

As a result, there's a feverish lobbying campaign by both oil and ethanol interests that has spread from Congress to the White House and the Supreme Court.

On Monday, the Supreme Court rejected a challenge by the American Petroleum Institute, the oil industry's chief lobbying group, to block sales of E15. The justices left in place a federal appeals court ruling that dismissed challenges by the oil industry group and trade associations representing food producers, restaurants and others.

Tom Buis, CEO of Growth Energy, an ethanol industry group, hailed the decision as victory for U.S. consumer, who will now have greater choice at the pump.

"Now that the final word has been issued, I hope that oil companies will begin to work with biofuel producers to help bring new blends into the marketplace that allow for consumer choice and savings," Buis said.

The API had argued that E15 was dangerous for older cars.

Putting fuel with up to 15 percent ethanol into older cars and trucks "could leave millions of consumers with broken down cars and high repair bills," said Bob Greco, a senior API official who has met with the White House on ethanol issues.

The ethanol industry counters that there have been no documented cases of engine breakdowns caused by the high-ethanol blend since limited sales of E15 began last year.

"This is another example of oil companies unnecessarily scaring people, and it's just flat-out wrong," said Bob Dinneen, president of the Renewable Fuels Association, an ethanol industry group.

The dispute over E15 is the latest flashpoint in a long-standing battle over the Renewable Fuel Standard, approved by Congress in 2005 and amended in 2007. The law requires refiners to blend increasing amounts of ethanol into gasoline each year as a way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming.

The Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a 16.5 billion-gallon production requirement for ethanol and other gasoline alternatives this year, up from 15.2 billion gallons last year. By 2022, the law calls for more than double that amount.

Biofuel advocates and supporters in Congress say the law has helped create more than 400,000 jobs, revitalized rural economies and helped lower foreign oil imports by more than 30 percent while reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

But the oil industry, refiners and some environmental groups say the standard imposes an unnecessary economic burden on consumers. Using automotive fuel that comes from corn also has significant consequences for agriculture, putting upward pressure on food prices, critics say.

"The ever increasing ethanol mandate has become unsustainable, causing a looming crisis for gasoline consumers," said the API's Greco. "We're at the point where refiners are being pressured to put unsafe levels of ethanol in gasoline, which could damage vehicles, harm consumers and wreak havoc on our economy."

Along with the E15 court case, the API and refiners have swarmed Capitol Hill and the White House to try to have the current mandate waived or repealed.

Charles Drevna, president of the American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers, which represents refineries, accused the EPA of putting politics ahead of science.

An EPA official told Congress earlier this month that the agency does not require use of E15, but believes it is safe for cars built since 2001.

"The government is not saying 'go ahead' " and put E15 in all cars, said Christopher Grundler, of the EPA's director of the office of transportation and air quality. "The government is saying this is legal fuel to sell if the market demands it and there are people who wish to sell it."

Ethanol supporters say E15 is cheaper than conventional gasoline and offers similar mileage to E10, the version that is sold in most U.S. stations.

Scott Zaremba, who owns a chain of gas stations in Kansas, scoffs at claims that E15 would damage older cars. "In the real world I've had zero problems" with engine breakdowns, said Zaremba, whose station in Lawrence, Kan., was the first in the nation to offer E15 last year.

But Zaremba said he had to stop selling the fuel this spring after his gasoline supplier, Phillips 66, told him he could no longer sell the E15 fuel from his regular black fuel hoses. The company said the aim was to distinguish E15 from other gasoline with less ethanol, but Zaremba said the real goal was to discourage use of E15. New pumps cost more than $100,000.

The American Automobile Association, for now, sides with the oil industry. The motoring club says the government should halt sales of E15 until additional testing allows ethanol producers and automakers to agree on which vehicles can safely use E15 while ensuring that consumers are adequately informed of risks.

A spokeswoman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, which represents 12 major car makers, said E15 gas is more corrosive and the EPA approved it before it could be fully tested.

Older cars were "never designed to use E15," spokeswoman Gloria Bergquist said. Use of the fuel over time could create significant engine problems, she said.

The API cites engine problems discovered during a study it commissioned last year, but the Energy Department called the research flawed and said it included engines with known durability issues.

For now, E15 remains a regional anomaly. About 20 stations currently offer the fuel in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and Wisconsin.

___

Follow Matthew Daly on Twitter: https://twitter.com/MatthewDalyWDC

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/b2f0ca3a594644ee9e50a8ec4ce2d6de/Article_2013-06-24-US-EPA-Ethanol/id-0db7df23319641b8b80b0b0348a128ee

matt ryan att wireless Mother Jones

Thursday, June 20, 2013

World War Z Review | Video - POPSUGAR Entertainment

This weekend's thriller World War Z finds Brad Pitt tracking down a cure for a gnarly worldwide zombie epidemic. It sounds like the perfect Summer movie, but is it chilling enough to keep you in your seat? Find out whether World War Z is a watch, pass, or rent in our video movie review!

View Transcript??

Source: http://www.buzzsugar.com/World-War-Z-Review-Video-30838202

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US tries saving Taliban talks after Karzai objects

Afghan police carry an injured Taliban fighter, who was captured after an overnight clash with Afghan police in Jalalabad, in the eastern province of Nangrahar, east of Kabul, Afghanistan, Wednesday, June 19, 2013. Provincial police chief Masoon Khan Hashimi said his officers ambushed Taliban insurgents outside a village in the Surkh Rod district, killing several and capturing two. (AP Photo/Nisar Ahmad)

Afghan police carry an injured Taliban fighter, who was captured after an overnight clash with Afghan police in Jalalabad, in the eastern province of Nangrahar, east of Kabul, Afghanistan, Wednesday, June 19, 2013. Provincial police chief Masoon Khan Hashimi said his officers ambushed Taliban insurgents outside a village in the Surkh Rod district, killing several and capturing two. (AP Photo/Nisar Ahmad)

Muhammad Naeem a representative of the Taliban speaks during a press conference at the official opening of their office in Doha, Qatar, Tuesday, June 18, 2013. In a major breakthrough, the Taliban and the U.S. announced Tuesday that they will hold talks on finding a political solution to ending nearly 12 years of war in Afghanistan as the Islamic militant movement opened an office in Qatar. American officials with the Obama administration said the office in the Qatari capital of Doha was the first step toward the ultimate U.S.-Afghan goal of a full Taliban renouncement of links with al-Qaida. (AP Photo/Osama Faisal)

Shafiullah Nooristani, a member of the Afghan High Peace Council, speaks during an interview with The Associated Press in Kabul, Afghanistan, Wednesday, June 19, 2013. Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai's said Wednesday he will not pursue peace talks with the Taliban unless the United States steps out of the negotiations, while also insisting the militant group stop its violent attacks on the ground after it claimed responsibility for a rocket attack that killed four Americans. Karzaii had said Tuesday that he would send representatives from his High Peace Council to Qatar for talks but aides said he changed his mind after objecting to the Taliban's use of its formal name "Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan" in opening an office in Doha. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul)

Shafiullah Nooristani, a member of the Afghan High Peace Council, speaks during an interview with The Associated Press in Kabul, Afghanistan, Wednesday, June 19, 2013. Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai's said Wednesday he will not pursue peace talks with the Taliban unless the United States steps out of the negotiations, while also insisting the militant group stop its violent attacks on the ground after it claimed responsibility for a rocket attack that killed four Americans. Karzai had said Tuesday that he would send representatives from his High Peace Council to Qatar for talks but aides said he changed his mind after objecting to the Taliban's use of its formal name "Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan" in opening an office in Doha. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul)

(AP) ? Hopes dimmed for talks aimed at ending the Afghan war when an angry President Hamid Karzai on Wednesday suspended security negotiations with the U.S. and scuttled a peace delegation to the Taliban, sending American officials scrambling to preserve the possibility of dialogue with the militants.

What provoked the mercurial Karzai and infuriated many other Afghans was a move by the Taliban to cast their new office in the Gulf nation of Qatar as a rival embassy. The Taliban held a ribbon-cutting ceremony Tuesday in which they hoisted their flag and a banner with the name they used while in power more than a decade ago: "Political Office of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan."

U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry spoke with Karzai on the phone, telling him that his concerns were justified and that he would work to resolve the issue.

An American official, speaking anonymously because he was not authorized to disclose the information, said he still expects to have the first public meeting with Taliban representatives in the next few days in Qatar but that no exact meeting date has been set.

Nevertheless, the militants' attempt at a publicity coup clearly played to Karzai's longstanding distrust of both the Taliban and the United States, who had announced Tuesday that they would pursue negotiations in the Qatari capital of Doha ? at least initially without the Afghan government.

It may have also given Karzai an excuse to try to head off the Doha talks, which he probably agreed to support only reluctantly and under U.S. pressure. Karzai has for years opposed talks outside Afghanistan and dominated or directed by the U.S. The Taliban, on the other hand, have never really wanted to negotiate with Karzai, preferring to talk directly with the U.S.

"To have this whole ceremony, televised worldwide, without a single mention of the Afghan government having a role in whatever process is going to happen ... they (Karzai and his peace delegation) suddenly realized, basically they weren't out in front, they didn't feature at all," said Kabul-based analyst Martine van Bijlert.

In a statement released by his office, Karzai lashed out at the U.S., using his leverage with Washington by suspending negotiations over what presence the United States will keep in Afghanistan after 2014. He said his High Peace Council would not enter talks with the Taliban until the negotiations were "completely Afghan."

He also criticized the Taliban and insisted that they halt their attacks on the ground before negotiations can begin.

But the Taliban appeared in no mood to lay down their arms. They claimed responsibility for a rocket attack on Bagram Air Base outside Kabul that killed four American service members late Tuesday.

Five Afghan police officers were also killed Tuesday at a security outpost in Helmand province by five of their comrades, officials said, the latest in a string of so-called "insider attacks" that have shaken the confidence of the nascent Afghan security forces. Local official Mohammad Fahim Mosazai blamed the killings on Taliban infiltrators.

The parallel statements and events in Afghanistan and Qatar left the Taliban looking stronger, Karzai appearing shaky and the U.S. doing damage control to find a political resolution to the war as troops leave.

President Barack Obama told reporters during a visit to Berlin that "ultimately we're going to need to see Afghans talking to Afghans."

Obama said later the U.S. knew that mistrust was rampant between the Taliban and the Afghan government and had expected "there were going to be some areas of friction, to put it mildly, in getting this thing off the ground."

Karzai had said Tuesday that he would send representatives from his High Peace Council to Qatar for talks with the Taliban, presumably to be held a few days after talks were held between the Taliban and the Americans.

But aides said he changed his mind after objecting to the way the Taliban announcement was handled.

Shafiullah Nooristani, a member of the High Peace Council, told the AP that the reference to "the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan" violated agreements that Karzai's government had made with the U.S. and caused diplomatic issues for Afghanistan.

"The agreement was that the office should open only ? and only ? for negotiations, not as a political entity like a parallel institution to the Afghan Embassy which is already there," Nooristani said.

In his phone conversations with Karzai on Tuesday night and Wednesday, Kerry reiterated that the U.S. does not recognize the name "Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan," according to State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki.

"The office must not be treated as or represent itself as an embassy or other office representing the Afghan Taliban as an emirate, government or sovereign," Psaki said.

"We were disappointed by the rollout on the ground, of course," Psaki said. "It was inconsistent with what we all believed the rollout would be."

In an attempt at damage control, Qatar's Foreign Ministry said late Wednesday that the Taliban had violated an agreement to call the office the "Political Bureau of the Taliban Afghan in Doha."

Psaki said Qatar has had the sign with the "Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan" name taken down.

Karzai does not always enjoy broad political support among Afghanistan's power brokers, but after seeing the Taliban open its new Doha office under its formal name and flag, many lined up behind him.

The Taliban gesture "is absolutely undermining the sovereignty of the country and its elected government," said Abdul Sattar Murad, a member of the powerful Jamiat-e Islami faction, whose leader, former Afghan President Burhanuddin Rabbani, was slain by a suicide bomber claiming to carry a Taliban peace message in 2011.

Murad said the hope among lawmakers was that Washington would also step in.

"It is now for the U.S. to find a way out of this," he told the AP. "I myself cannot say anything other than that the flag should be brought down and it should not be seen as a political representation of the so-called Islamic Emirate."

In his eight years as president, Karzai has often had rocky relations with his U.S. allies and has upset the Americans by questioning their motives. In June 2011, for example, he likened the Americans to occupiers, saying they were not in Afghanistan to help Afghans but "for their own purposes, for their own goals."

Some of Karzai's anti-American rhetoric in the past has appeared aimed at gaining political favor at home and staving off accusations he is a U.S. puppet, but in this case he does not appear to be posturing, said van Bijlert, who is with the Afghanistan Analyst Network.

"The opening of the office changed the place in the world of the Taliban," said van Bijlert. "It made them much more easily acceptable, it raised their profile, it makes them look respectable. And I think that just angered the Afghan government, that they had to take a backseat."

The Taliban ceremony also upstaged Tuesday's formal handover of all security operations in Afghanistan from U.S.-led forces to the Afghan army and police.

The international force is to be cut in half by the end of the year, and by the end of 2014 all combat troops are to leave and be replaced ? contingent on Afghan governmental approval ? by a smaller force that would be on hand for training and advising.

The U.S. has not yet said how many troops will remain in Afghanistan, but it is thought that it would be a force made up of about 9,000 Americans and 6,000 allies.

Shukria Barakzai, an independent member of parliament from Kabul, criticized Karzai's move to suspend negotiations with the U.S. on the security agreement, saying "we want to see our partners staying with us."

But she also questioned why the Taliban were able to open a political office in Qatar under their old flag.

"It's not really acceptable for the people of Afghanistan," she said.

The Taliban have for years refused to speak to the Afghan government or the Peace Council, set up by Karzai three years ago, because they considered them to be American puppets. Taliban representatives have instead talked to American and other Western officials in Doha and other places, mostly in Europe.

In setting up the office, the Taliban said they were willing to use all legal means to end what they called the occupation of Afghanistan ? but did not say they would immediately stop fighting. They also did not specifically mention talks with Karzai or his representatives.

Despite all of the developments, the High Peace Council's Nooristan held out hope talks would eventually still be possible.

"We are working to solve these contradictions and fix these problems and act based on the agreements we had before, so the High Peace Council can go there and start the peace talks," he said.

___

Associated Press writers Kay Johnson and Ahmad Seir in Kabul and Deb Riechmann in Washington contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-06-19-Afghanistan/id-8f5cdd72a07043eda6dcd583082c7f94

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